Unit 6: Health and Welfare of Beef Cattle

Acidosis

 

Acidosis in beef cattle is a digestive problem caused by too much acid building up in the rumen (the first compartment in the cow’s stomach). This happens when cattle eat too much feed that ferments quickly. It is common in intensive finishing systems. 

Types of Acidosis:

Acute Acidosis:

A sudden and severe form that can be life-threatening, this would be most likely within the intensive or high starch diets.

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA):

A milder, ongoing form that can still cause long-term problems.

Symptoms

Acute Acidosis:

  • Loss of appetite.
  • Lethargy or weakness.
  • Diarrhoea.
  • Pain in the stomach.
  • Difficulty standing or sudden death.

Subacute Acidosis (SARA):

  • Poor feed intake.
  • Loose manure with undigested feed.
  • Slow weight gain.
  • Poor coat condition.
  • Increased risk of other health problems like hoof issues or liver abscesses.

Causes

High-concentrate diets: Too many concentrates

Rapid diet changes: Switching too quickly from a high-fibre diet (like grass) to a high-concentrate diet.

Low fibre: Not enough roughage in the diet to keep the rumen healthy

Treatment

  • Increase fibre in the diet.
  • Gradually introduce high-concentrate feeds.
  • Use buffers like sodium bicarbonate to keep rumen pH stable.

Preventions

Balanced Diet: Ensure a mix of roughage (grass or hay) and concentrates.

Gradual Changes: Slowly transition from high-fibre to high-concentrate diets over a few weeks.

Coarse Feed: Avoid finely ground feed that ferment too fast.

Add Buffers: Use additives to prevent acid buildup.